Effect of implementing care protocols on acute ischemic stroke outcomes: a systematic review / Efeito da implementação de protocolos nos desfechos do AVC isquêmico agudo: revisão sistemática

Abstract Background Implementing stroke care protocols has intended to provide better care quality, favor early functional recovery, and achieving long-term results for the rehabilitation of the patient. Objective To analyze the effect of implementing care protocols on the outcomes of acute ischemic stroke. Methods Primary studies published from 2011 to 2020 and which met the following criteria were included: population should be people with acute ischemic stroke; studies should present results on the outcomes of using protocols in the therapeutic approach to acute ischemic stroke. The bibliographic search was carried out in June 2020 in 7 databases. The article selection was conducted by two independent reviewers and the results were narratively synthesized. Results A total of 11,226 publications were retrieved in the databases, of which 30 were included in the study. After implementing the protocol, 70.8% of the publications found an increase in the rate of performing reperfusion therapy, such as thrombolysis and thrombectomy; 45.5% identified an improvement in the clinical prognosis of the patient; and 25.0% of the studies identified a decrease in the length of hospital stay. Out of 19 studies that addressed the rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, 2 (10.5%) identified a decrease. A decrease in mortality was mentioned in 3 (25.0%) articles out of 12 that evaluated this outcome. Conclusions We have identified the importance of implementing protocols in increasing the performance of reperfusion therapies, and a good functional outcome with improved prognosis after discharge. However, there is still a need to invest in reducing post-thrombolysis complications and mortality.

Resumo Antecedentes A implementação de protocolos de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) visa proporcionar uma melhor qualidade da assistência, favorecer a recuperação funcional precoce e alcançar resultados para a reabilitação do paciente. Objetivo Analisar o efeito da implantação de protocolos nos desfechos do AVC isquêmico agudo. Métodos Foram incluídos estudos primários publicados entre 2011 e 2020 e que atendiam aos seguintes critérios: população deveria ser constituída de pessoas com AVC isquêmico agudo; apresentar resultados sobre os desfechos do uso de protocolos na abordagem terapêutica ao AVC isquêmico agudo. A busca bibliográfica foi realizada em junho de 2020 em 7 bases de dados. A seleção dos artigos foi feita por dois revisores independentes e a síntese dos resultados foi feita de forma narrativa. Resultados Foram recuperadas 11.226 publicações, das quais 30 foram incluídas no estudo. Após a implementação do protocolo, 70,8% das publicações constataram aumento na taxa de realização de terapia de reperfusão, como a trombólise e a trombectomia; 45,5% identificaram melhora no prognóstico clínico do paciente; e 25,0% dos estudos identificaram diminuição no tempo de internação hospitalar. De 19 estudos que abordaram a taxa de hemorragia intracraniana sintomática, 2 (10,5%) identificaram diminuição nesta taxa. A diminuição da mortalidade foi citada em 3 (25,0%) artigos de 12 que avaliaram tal desfecho. Conclusões Identificou-se a importância da implantação de protocolos no aumento da realização das terapias de reperfusão, e ao bom desfecho funcional com melhora do prognóstico após a alta. No entanto, ainda há que se investir na diminuição das complicações pós trombólise e da mortalidade.

Adoptar el rol de cuidador familiar de forma inesperada, un cambio drástico / Adopting the role of family caregiver unexpectedly, a drastic change / Adotar o papel de cuidador familiar inesperadamente, uma mudança drástica

Introducción: Los avances en la ciencia y tecnología han permitido la supervivencia de las personas que ingresan a la unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI), algunas de ellas con estancia prolongada en el área crítica. Al retornar al hogar, presentan alteraciones físicas, mentales y cognitivas que los hacen dependientes de cuidado, requiriendo del apoyo de un familiar quien debe asumir el rol de cuidador lo cual le implica cambios en el contexto donde se desempeña ya sea desde lo social, laboral, familiar o personal. Objetivo: Comprender el significado de adoptar el rol de cuidador familiar de la persona que cursó una estancia prolongada en la UCI al retornar al hogar. Método: Estudio cualitativo, utilizando herramientas de la teoría fundamentada. Realizado en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, de noviembre de 2021 a diciembre de 2022. Se aplicaron 12 entrevistas semiestructuradas a 10 cuidadores familiares de personas que habían sufrido un evento agudo grave, con una internación prolongada en la UCI. La codificación, abierta, axial y selectiva, la elaboración de memos analíticos, diagramas y el muestreo teórico, fueron fundamentales en el análisis. Resultados: Al momento del alta hospitalaria, el cuidador familiar considera que asumir el cuidado es difícil y complicado, pues debe enfrentarse a algo nuevo, esto hace que la vida le cambie de forma drástica de un momento a otro. Conclusiones: Ejercer el rol de cuidador familiar de personas con estancia prolongada en la UCI al retornar al hogar implica un cambio drástico e inesperado para el cuidador familiar, e invita al profesional de enfermería a crear estrategias para el cuidado a los cuidadores previniendo la crisis situacional que se pueda presentar y la sobrecarga de cuidado.

Introduction: Advances in science and technology have allowed the survival of people admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), some of them with a prolonged stay in the critical area. Upon returning home, they present physical, mental and cognitive alterations that make them dependent on care, requiring the support of a family member who must assume the role of caregiver, which implies changes in the context in which he or she works, whether from a social, work, family or personal perspective. Objective: To understand the meaning of adopting the role of family caregiver for the person who had a prolonged stay in the ICU upon returning home. Method: Qualitative study, using grounded theory tools. Carried out in the city of Medellin, Colombia, from November 2021 to December 2022. 12 semi-structured interviews were applied to 10 family caregivers of people who had suffered a severe acute event, with prolonged hospitalization in the ICU. The coding, open, axial and selective, the elaboration of analytical memos, diagrams and theoretical sampling, were fundamental in the analysis. Results: At the time of hospital discharge, the family caregiver considers that assuming care is difficult and complicated, since he must face something new, this makes his life change drastically from one moment to the next. Conclusions: Playing the role of family caregiver for people with a prolonged stay in the ICU upon returning home implies a drastic and unexpected change for the family caregiver and invites the nursing professional to create strategies for caring for caregivers, preventing the situational crisis that may occur and care overload.

Introdução: Os avanços da ciência e da tecnologia permitiram a sobrevivência de pessoas internadas em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), algumas delas com permanência prolongada na área crítica. Ao retornarem para casa, apresentam alterações físicas, mentais e cognitivas que os tornam dependentes de cuidados, necessitando do apoio de um familiar que deve assumir o papel de cuidador, o que implica mudanças no contexto em que atua, seja na perspectiva social, profissional, familiar ou pessoal. Objetivo: Compreender o significado de adotar o papel de cuidador familiar da pessoa que teve permanência prolongada na UTI ao retornar para casa. Método: Estudo qualitativo, utilizando ferramentas da teoria fundamentada. Realizado na cidade de Medellín, Colômbia, de novembro de 2021 a dezembro de 2022. Foram aplicadas 12 entrevistas semiestruturadas a 10 cuidadores familiares de pessoas que sofreram um evento agudo grave, com internação prolongada na UTI. A codificação, aberta, axial e seletiva, a elaboração de memorandos analíticos, diagramas e amostragem teórica, foram fundamentais na análise. Resultados: No momento da alta hospitalar, o cuidador familiar considera que assumir o cuidado é difícil e complicado, pois deve enfrentar algo novo, isso faz com que sua vida mude drasticamente de um momento para o outro. Conclusões: Desempenhar o papel de cuidador familiar de pessoas com permanência prolongada na UTI ao retornar para casa implica uma mudança drástica e inesperada para o cuidador familiar e convida o profissional de enfermagem a criar estratégias para cuidar dos cuidadores, prevenindo a crise situacional que possa ocorrer e sobrecarga de cuidados.

Diagnostic value of serum signal peptide-CUB-EGF-like domain-containing protein 1 levels in patients with acute appendicitis

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical causes of an acute abdomen among patients admitted to the emergency room due to abdominal pain. The clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis is usually difficult and is made by evaluating the clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings together. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic potential of signal peptide-CUB-EGF-like domain-containing protein 1 as a biomarker for acute appendicitis. METHODS: A total of 67 adult patients without any comorbidities who presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and were clinically diagnosed with acute appendicitis were included in the case group. The patients included in the study were classified into the negative appendectomy group and the acute appendicitis group according to their histopathological final diagnosis. In addition, 48 healthy volunteers without comorbidities were included in the control group. Signal peptide-CUB-EGF-like domain-containing protein 1 levels of patients and the control group were measured. RESULTS: According to postoperative histopathological examinations of the patients, 7 (10.4%) patients were diagnosed with negative appendectomy, and 60 (89.6%) patients were diagnosed with acute appendicitis. Signal peptide-CUB-EGF-like domain-containing protein 1 levels were higher in the patients with acute appendicitis than in negative appendectomy patients (p=0.012). Signal peptide-CUB-EGF-like domain-containing protein 1 levels were also higher in the case group compared to the control group (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The admission signal peptide-CUB-EGF-like domain-containing protein 1 level was significantly higher in adults with acute appendicitis. The SCUBE1 level is a novel but promising biomarker that aids in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Reducing care time after implementing protocols for acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review / Tempo de atendimento após implementação de protocolos para AVC isquêmico agudo: revisão sistemática

Abstract Background The treatment of acute ischemic stroke with cerebral reperfusion therapy requires rapid care and recognition of symptoms. Objective To analyze the effectiveness of implementing protocols for acute ischemic stroke in reducing care time. Methods Systematic review, which was performed with primary studies in Portuguese, English, and Spanish published between 2011 and 2020. Inclusion criteria: study population should comprise people with acute ischemic stroke and studies should present results on the effectiveness of using urgent care protocols in reducing care time. The bibliographic search was conducted in June 2020 in the LILACS, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, and SocINDEX databases. The articles were selected, and data were extracted by two independent reviewers; the synthesis of the results was performed narratively. The methodological quality of articles was evaluated through specific instruments proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results A total of 11,226 publications were found, of which 35 were included in the study. Only one study reported improvement in the symptoms-onset-to-door time after protocol implementation. The effectiveness of the therapeutic approach protocols for ischemic stroke was identified in improving door-to-image, image-to-needle, door-to-needle and symptoms-onset-to-needle times. The main limitation found in the articles concerned the lack of clarity in relation to the study population. Conclusions Several advances have been identified in in-hospital care with protocol implementation; however, it is necessary to improve the recognition time of stroke symptoms among those who have the first contact with the person affected by the stroke and among the professionals involved with the prehospital care.

Resumo Antecedentes O tratamento do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isquêmico com terapia de reperfusão requer rápido atendimento e reconhecimento dos sintomas. Objetivo Analisar a efetividade da implementação de protocolos para AVC isquêmico agudo na redução do tempo de atendimento. Métodos Revisão sistemática realizada com estudos primários em português, inglês e espanhol publicados entre 2011 e 2020. Critérios de inclusão: a população do estudo foi constituída por pessoas com AVC isquêmico agudo e estudos que apresentassem resultados sobre a efetividade da implantação de protocolos no tempo de atendimento. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada em junho de 2020 nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier e SocINDEX. A seleção dos artigos e a extração dos dados foram feitas por dois revisores independentes; a síntese dos resultados foi feita de forma narrativa. A qualidade metodológica dos artigos foi avaliada por meio de instrumentos do Joanna Briggs Institute. Resultados Foram encontradas 11.226 publicações, das quais 35 foram incluídas no estudo. Apenas um estudo relatou melhora no tempo início dos sintomas-porta após a implementação do protocolo, no entanto, foi efetiva na melhora dos tempos porta-imagem, imagem-agulha, porta-agulha e início dos sintomas-agulha. A principal limitação encontrada nos artigos diz respeito à falta de clareza quanto à população de estudo. Conclusões Vários avanços foram identificados no atendimento intra-hospitalar com implantação de protocolo; porém, é necessário melhorar o tempo de reconhecimento dos sintomas do AVC entre aqueles que têm o primeiro contato com a pessoa acometida e entre os profissionais envolvidos com o atendimento pré-hospitalar.

Utilidad diagnóstica de los criterios de alvarado para apendicitis aguda en el igbj la paz durante el año 2019 / Diagnostic utility of the alvarado criteria for acute appendicitis in the igbj la paz during the year 2019

RESÚMEN: Introducción y Objetivo: La apendicitis aguda es una de las patologías quirúrgicas de emergencia frecuente, el diagnóstico es principalmente clínico y en caso de ser tardío tiene alto riesgo de complicaciones. El presente estudio busca ver la Utilidad diagnostica de los criterios de Alvarado para apendicitis aguda en el Instituto Gastroenterológico Boliviano Japonés - La Paz durante el año 2019. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo de corte transversal, en el IGBJ - La Paz, se desarrolló un cuestionario para una entrevista semiestructurada a pacientes internados con sospecha de apendicitis aguda. Resultados: El estudio reunió 54 pacientes, de los cuales 64.8% varones y 35.2% varones. La prueba para diagnosticar apendicitis aguda con un valor mayor a 7, tuvo una sensibilidad de 90% y especificidad es de 50% por lo que no se permite descartar una apendicitis ya que el 50% es un valor bajo, con un valor predictivo positivo de 96% y valor predictivo negativo de 29%, al realizar un corte en 9 o más para diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda complicada tuvo una sensibilidad de 63% y especificidad de 67%, el valor predictivo positivo de 81%, valor predictivo negativo de 43%. Conclusiones: Concluimos que los Criterios de Alvarado es una herramienta útil para el diagnóstico de casos de apendicitis complicada; pero no todas las variables nos sirven para el diagnóstico, las más representativas son el dolor en fosa iliaca derecha y rebote por lo tanto se recomienda el uso de la escala en los servicios de urgencias.

ABSTRACT: Introduction and Objective: Acute appendicitis is one of the frequent emergency surgical pathologies, the diagnosis is mainly clinical and if it is late it has a high risk of complications. The present study seeks to see the diagnostic utility of the Alvarado criteria for acute appendicitis at the Japanese Bolivian Gastroenterological Institute- La Paz during the year 2019. Material and Methods: A prospective, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the IGBJ - La Paz, a questionnaire was developed for a semi- structured interview with inpatients with suspected acute appendicitis. Results: The study included 54 patients, of whom 64.8% were men and 35.2% were men. The test for acute appendicitis with a value greater than 7 had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 50%, so appendicitis cannot be ruled out since 50% is a low value, with a positive predictive value of 96% and negative predictive value of 29%, when making a cut of 9 or more for diagnosis of complicated acute appendicitis had a sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 67%, positive predictive value of 81%, negative predictive value of 43%. Conclusions: We conclude that the Alvarado Criteria is a useful tool for the diagnosis of cases of complicated appendicitis; but not all variables are useful for diagnosis, the most representative are pain in the right iliac fossa and rebound, therefore the use of the scale is recommended in emergency services.

Acute Compartment Syndrome exists and can lead to irreversible outcomes if not treated in time / A Síndrome Compartimental Aguda existe e pode conduzir a desfechos irreversíveis se não tratada a tempo

ABSTRACT ACS is a potentially lethal condition caused by any event that produces an increase in IAP, inducing systemic collapse, tissue hypoperfusion and organ dysfunction. Thus, ACS is not exclusively a problem of the traumatic and surgical patient population.Iatrogenic ACS predisposes patients to multiple organ failure if no urgent action is taken.

RESUMO A SCA é uma condição potencialmente letal causada por qualquer evento que produza aumento da PIA induzindo colapso sistêmico, hipoperfusão tecidual e disfunção orgânica. Assim, a SCA não é um problema exclusivamente da população de pacientes traumáticos e cirúrgicos. A SCA iatrogénica predispõe os pacientes à falência de múltiplos órgãos se nenhuma ação urgente for tomada.

Clinical analysis of 34 cases of acute fatty liver of pregnancy / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective:To analyze the characteristics, diagnosis and prognosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), and to guide the management of AFLP patients.Methods:The clinical data of 34 AFLP patients admitted to Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2009 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The general situation, diagnostic characteristics, treatment and maternal and neonatal prognosis of the AFLP patients were collected and analyzed.Results:The incidence of AFLP in our hospital was 0.022% (34/152 383). The age of onset was (30.6±4.9) years old, and the gestational age was (35.3±2.4) weeks. Most of the first symptom was gastrointestinal symptoms of unknown cause in the third trimester of pregnancy (53%, 18/34), accompanied by different degrees of elevated liver enzymes. Cesarean section was performed in 97% (33/34) of patients for termination of pregnancy. Only one pregnant woman was diagnosed prenatal and delivered vaginally, and the prognosis of both mother and infant was good. Five cases were transferred to intensive care unit, including 2 cases of acute renal failure, 1 case of gastrointestinal bleeding and 2 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation. There was no maternal death. Severe asphyxia occurred in 2 neonates.Conclusions:Attention should be paid to the digestive tract symptoms during the third trimester of pregnancy and the diversity of clinical manifestations of AFLP for early detection. Once AFLP is diagnosed, pregnancy should be terminated as soon as possible to improve maternal and infant outcomes.

Development and validation of a dynamic nomogram predicting futile recanalization after thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To establish and verify a dynamic web-based nomogram for predicting futile recanalization after thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke.Methods:Three hundred and four acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from May 2017 to April 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. All these patients underwent mechanical thrombectomy and obtained successful recanalization. The eligible patients were randomly divided into training group ( n=216) and test group ( n=88) by 7∶3. The nomogram was established and internally validated with the data of the training group, and externally validated with the data of the test group. For the training group, multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed by including all variables with P<0.05 in univariate analysis, and the independent predictors of futile recanalization were screened out to construct a nomogram. In the training group and the test group, the performance of the nomogram was verified by C-index, calibration chart and decision curve analysis respectively. Results:No significant difference was detected between the training group and the test group in futile recanalization [134/216 (62.0%) vs 56/88 (63.6%), χ 2=0.07, P=0.794]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age ( OR=1.04,95% CI 1.00-1.08, P=0.033), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission ( OR=1.11,95% CI 1.04-1.19, P=0.001), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio ( OR=1.19,95% CI 1.07-1.32, P=0.001), glycated hemoglobins ( OR=2.02,95% CI 1.34-3.05, P<0.001), poor collateral status ( OR=10.87,95% CI 4.08-29.01, P<0.001), postoperative high density ( OR=11.38,95% CI 4.56-28.40, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for futile recanalization. The C-index of this nomogram in the training group and the test group was 0.92 (95% CI 0.877-0.954, P<0.001) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.87-0.98, P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion:This web-based nomogram, including age, NIHSS score on admission, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, glycated hemoglobin, poor collateral status and postoperative high density, predicted individual probability of futile recanalization after mechanical thrombectomy with good discrimination and clinical utility.

Understand The Role Of Susceptibility In Acute Disease

Day in and dayout we come across acute diseases in our practice. It is observed in clinic practice of almost all physicians that majority of the cases are of acute origin and the rest are chronic in nature. Usually acute disease presents to us with distinct characteristic form which suggest acute remedy. In order to treat as early as possible acute cases becomes the prime need of the physician. We have noted that an organism is constantly required to adapt itself to its environmental conditions so that harmony is maintained. This process of adaptation can take lace on account of the susceptibility. To undertake such study we need to examine acute diseases. We need to understand the role of susceptibility and miasm in every case. In developing countries like India, infectious diseases are the commonest cause of mortality. Especially diseases like Typhoid fever, Acute Viral Hepatitis and Pneumonia are very frequent cause of admission and also a frequent enemy to encounter in O.P.D.

Application of Rotarex mechanical thrombectomy system in acute lower limb ischemia / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Rotarex mechanical thrombectomy system in treating acute lower limb ischemia.@*METHODS@#From December 2017 to December 2019, the clinical data of 23 acute lower limb ischemia cases treated with Rotarex mechanical thrombectomy system were retrospectively analyzed. There were 14 males and 9 females from 53- to 84-year-old patients and the mean age was (69.1±9.1) years. Duration of symptoms was 6 hours to 14 days (median time 7 days). In the study, 8 acute thromboembolism cases and 15 acute thrombosis cases were included (In which, there was one thromboangiitis obliterans case and two in-stent restenosis cases). In 5 cases, the lesions were located above the groin; in 16 cases, the lesions were located below the groin, and in the other 2 cases, the lesions were located both above and below the groin. All the cases were treated with Rotarex mechanical thrombectomy system. When residual stenosis was greater than 50%, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was used, and stent was used only when it was necessary. Heparin was used 24 h after the procedure, and after that, antiplatelet agents were used in acute thrombosis cases, and oral anti-coagulants were used in acute thromboembolism cases. Doppler ultrasonography was taken during the follow-up.@*RESULTS@#In all the 23 cases, there were 22 successful cases and 1 unsuccessful case, the mean procedure time was (68.2±15.6) min. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was used in 18 cases, 7 of which were implanted stents (3 stents were implanted in iliac artery and 4 in superficial femoral artery). There were 3 procedure related complications. The first one was arterial wall injury which resulted in contrast medium extravazation, and in this case, we solved it with prolonged balloon inflation. The second one was distal embolism. We took out the thrombus with guiding catheter. The last one was acute occlusion in a stent, and thrombectomy was applied urgently, and the result was good. Mean hospital stay were (3.6±1.7) days. The ankle brachial index (ABI) increased from 0.25±0.10 to 0.85±0.16 after treatment (t=12.901, P < 0.001). All the patients were followed up for 4.0-28.0 months, and the median time was 12.0 months. One patient stopped antiplatelet agents, which resulted in acute thrombosis 2 months later. Another percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy and PTA were taken. In the failed case, the patient suffered amputation above the knee 3 months later and in another case, the patient died of heart failure 8 months after the procedure. Two target lesion restenosis occurred during the follow-up. Because the patients' symptom was not sever, no procedure was taken.@*CONCLUSION@#Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy using Rotarex catheter is safe and effective in treating acute lower limb ischemia. For one side, it can restore blood flow to the affected limbs quickly, and for the other, it has the characteristics of minimally invasive and good repeatability. So it should be considered that this me-thod can be widely used for acute lower limb ischemia.

Estudo Pioneiro sobre a Presença de Clone de Hemoglobinúria Paroxística Noturna durante Acompanhamento Terapêutico de Leucemia Aguda / Pioneering Study about the Presence of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Clone during Therapeutic Monitoring of Acute Leukemia / Estudio Pionero sobre la Presencia de un Clon de Hemoglobinuria Paroxística Nocturna durante el Seguimiento Terapéutico de la Leucemia Aguda

Introdução: O potencial de transformação maligna de células-tronco hematopoiéticas portadoras de mutações no gene glicosilfostatidilinositolclasse A (PIG-A) para leucemias agudas, embora raro, já é bem descrito na literatura. Objetivo: Neste estudo, porém, buscou-se evidenciar pela primeira vez na literatura o surgimento ou a manutenção de clones de hemoglobinúria paroxística noturna (HPN) em pacientes diagnosticados com leucemia aguda ou ainda após o início do tratamento quimioterápico. Método: A pesquisa de clones de HPN foi realizada por citometria de fluxo em blastos, hemácias, granulócitos ou monócitos de 47 amostras de sangue periférico e medula óssea de pacientes submetidos à investigação diagnóstica ou acompanhamento terapêutico, provenientes de dois hospitais oncológicos e públicos de Belém, no período de dezembro de 2017 a dezembro de 2018. Resultados: A presença de clones de HPN foi observada em 19/47 (40,4%) amostras de pacientes, em investigação diagnóstica ou acompanhamento terapêutico, que realizaram pelo menos um estudo de acompanhamento terapêutico e ainda tiveram o surgimento ou a manutenção do clone de HPN mesmo após iniciado o tratamento quimioterápico. Conclusão: Foi possível evidenciar, de forma primária, a presença de clones de HPN em pacientes diagnosticados com leucemia aguda tanto no período de investigação diagnóstica como durante o acompanhamento terapêutico, independentemente da ontogenia celular. Sem, porém, que se possa ainda avaliar a importância da presença desses clones de HPN para a evolução da doença primária, prognóstico ou necessidade de tratamento específico.

Introduction: The potential for malignant transformation of hematopoietic stem cells carrying mutations in theglycosylphosphatidylinositol class A (PIG-A) gene for acute leukemias, although rare, is already well described in the literature. Objective: In this study, however, it was attempted to show for the first time in the literature the emergence or maintenance of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) clones in patients diagnosed with acute leukemia or even after the beginning of the chemotherapy treatment. Method: The search of PNH clones was performed by flow cytometry in blasts, erythrocytes, granulocytes or monocytes of 47 samples of peripheral blood and bone marrow from patients undergoing diagnostic investigation or therapeutic follow-up in two oncological and public hospitals in Belém, from December 2017 to December 2018. Results: The presence of PNH clones was observed in 19/47 (40.4%) patient samples, in diagnostic investigation or therapeutic follow-up, who participated of at least one therapeutic follow-up study and still experience the appearance or maintenance of the PNH clone even after the beginning of the chemotherapy treatment. Conclusion: Primarily, it was possible to demonstrate the presence of PNH clones in patients diagnosed with acute leukemia both during the diagnostic investigation period and therapeutic follow-up, regardless of cell ontogeny. However, the importance of the presence of these PNH clones for the evolution of the primary disease, prognosis or need for specific treatment was not evaluated yet.

Introducción: El potencial de transformación maligna de las células madre hematopoyéticas que portan mutaciones en el gen glicosofosfatidilinositol (GPI) clase A (PIGA) para las leucemias agudas, aunque raro, ya está bien descrito en la literatura. Objetivo: En este estudio, sin embargo, buscamos mostrar por primera vez en la literatura la aparición o mantenimiento de clones de HPN en pacientes diagnosticados de leucemia aguda o incluso después del inicio de la quimioterapia. Método: La investigación de clones de hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna (HPN) se realizó mediante citometría de flujo en blastos, eritrocitos, granulocitos o monocitos de 47 muestras de sangre periférica y médula ósea de pacientes sometidos a investigación diagnóstica o seguimiento terapéutico de dos hospitales oncológicos y públicos de Belém, durante el período. de diciembre de 2017 a diciembre de 2018. Resultados: La presencia de clones HPN se observó en 19/47 (40,4%) muestras de pacientes, en investigación diagnóstica o seguimiento terapéutico, que realizaron al menos un estudio de seguimiento terapéutico y aún tenían la aparición o mantenimiento del clon HPN incluso después de iniciado el tratamiento de quimioterapia. Conclusión: Se pudo evidenciar, de forma primaria, la presencia de clones de HPN en pacientes diagnosticados de leucemia aguda tanto durante el período de investigación diagnóstica como durante el seguimiento terapéutico, independientemente de la ontogenia celular. Sin embargo, no podemos todavía evaluar la importancia de la presencia de estos clones de HPN para la evolución de la enfermedad primaria, el pronóstico o la necesidad de un tratamiento específico.

Xuanbai-Chengqi Decoction combined with conventional western medicine therapy for coma patients with acute cerebral infarction the influence of arousal / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of Xuanbai-Chengqi Decoction combined with conventional western medicine therapy for the coma patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods:A total of 72 patients with acute cerebral infarction in Huaibei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2019 to January 2020 were randomly divided into two groups with 36 in each group. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine therapy, and the treatment group was given Xuanbai-Chengqi Decoction by nasal feeding on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 7 days. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to evaluate the degree of neurological deficit, and the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness Scale (FOUR) was used to evaluate the degree of consciousness disorder of patients. Three-dimensional reconstruction of head CT was performed to identify and mark the edema area. The levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), homocysteine (Hcy) and vascular endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The adverse events during treatment were observed and the clinical effective rate was evaluated. Results:The total effective rate was 100% (36/36) in the treatment group and 86.1% (35/36) in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( Z=-0.242, P=0.015). On the 3rd and 7th day after treatment, the NIHSS scores of the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 26.567 and 17.982, all Ps<0.01). On the 3rd and 7th day after treatment, the eye opening response, motor response, brainstem response, brain stem response and total scores (3 days after treatment, t=15.235 , 14.892, 18.452, 11.232, 16.235; 7 days after treatment, t=19.5 68, 16.232, 10.356, 9.546, 11.098) of the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The levels of serum hs-CRP, Hcy, ET-1 and CT threshold of brain edema in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment ( t=22.352, 17.789, 11.908 and 19.652, all Ps<0.01). There were no adverse drug reactions, no abnormal changes in blood routine tests, liver function and electrocardiogram in both groups. Conclusion:The Xuanbai-Chengqi Decoction combined with conventional western medicine therapy can improve the neurological function and promote awakening of coma patients with acute cerebral infarction, which may be related to reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines related to hs-CRP, Hcy and ET-1, improving microcirculation and relieving brain edema.

A experiência de famílias não doadoras frente à morte encefálica / Non-donor families' experiences in cases of brain death / La experiencia de familias no donantes ante la muerte encefálica

Objetivo: compreender a experiência vivenciada de famílias de adultos frente à morte encefálica e a opção pela não doação de órgãos. Método: estudo qualitativo fundamentado no Interacionismo Simbólico, realizado em um hospital público, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com seis famílias, que tiverem um familiar potencial doador de órgãos diagnosticado com morte encefálica e negaram a doação. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista narrativa no período de maio a novembro de 2016, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética da instituição, e analisados com ênfase no conteúdo. Resultados: refere-se a uma situação inesperada e desconhecida, de incertezas, dor e sofrimento ante o adoecimento, a morte encefálica e a decisão pela doação de órgãos ou não. Conclusão: Em um contexto interacional de incertezas, definido como o desmoronar da vida familiar por um evento inimaginável, a morte encefálica e a doação de órgãos é percebida como a intensificação da perda, o que corrobora na decisão pela não doação.

Objective: to understand the lived experience of adult families in cases of brain death and the option not to donate organs. Method: this qualitative study based on Symbolic Interactionism was conducted at a public hospital in Rio Grande do Sul state, with six families who had a potential organ donor family member diagnosed with brain death and who refused to donate. Data were obtained through narrative interviews between May and November 2016, after ethics committee approval, and analyzed with emphasis on content. Results: this was an unexpected and unknown situation of uncertainties, pain, and suffering from illness, brain death, and the decision whether to donate organs or not. Conclusion: in an interactional context of uncertainties, specifically the collapse of family life following an unimaginable event, brain death and organ donation were perceived to intensify the loss, which corroborated the decision to not donate.

Objetivo: comprender la experiencia vivida de las familias adultas en casos de muerte cerebral y la opción de no donar órganos. Método: este estudio cualitativo basado en Interaccionismo Simbólico se realizó en un hospital público del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, con seis familias que tenían un familiar donante potencial de órganos diagnosticado con muerte cerebral y que se negaron a donar. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de entrevistas narrativas entre mayo y noviembre de 2016, luego de la aprobación del comité de ética, y se analizaron con énfasis en el contenido. Resultados: se trata de una situación inesperada y desconocida de incertidumbre, dolor y sufrimiento por enfermedad, muerte cerebral y la decisión de donar órganos o no. Conclusión: en un contexto interaccional de incertidumbres, específicamente el colapso de la vida familiar tras un evento inimaginable, se percibió que la muerte encefálica y la donación de órganos intensificaban la pérdida, lo que corroboró la decisión de no donar.

Achilles Tendon Lesions - Part 2: Ruptures / Lesões do Aquiles - Parte 2: Rupturas

Abstract The increasing incidence of calcaneal tendon ruptures has substantially impacted orthopedic care and costs related to its treatment and prevention. Primarily motivated by the increasing of life expectancy, the growing use of tenotoxic drugs and erratic access to physical activity, this injury accounts for considerable morbidity regardless of its outcome. In recent years, the evolution of surgical and rehabilitation techniques gave orthopedists better conditions to decide the most appropriate conduct in acute tendon rupture. Although still frequent due to their high neglect rate, Achilles chronic ruptures currently find simpler and more biological surgical options, being supported by a new specialty-focused paradigm.

Resumo A crescente incidência de rupturas do tendão calcâneo tem impactado substancialmente o cuidado ortopédico e os custos relacionados ao seu tratamento e prevenção. Motivada principalmente pelo aumento da expectativa de vida, o crescimento do uso de drogas tenotóxicas e o acesso errático à atividade física, essa lesão gera morbidade considerável aos pacientes qualquer seja o desfecho a ser considerado. A evolução das técnicas cirúrgicas e de reabilitação permitiu que ortopedistas, nos últimos anos, tivessem melhores condições para decidir a conduta mais apropriada nas roturas agudas do tendão calcâneo. Por mais que ainda frequentes pela sua alta taxa de negligência, as rupturas crônicas do Aquiles hoje encontram opções operatórias biológicas mais simples e são amparadas por um novo paradigma que se debruça sobre a especialidade.

The Therapeutic Protocols and Endodontic Management of Acute Apical Abscess in Adults: A systematic Review

Objective: The current review aims to compile all the up-to-date and available studies including imperative information concerning the therapeutic protocols and endodontic management available for the diagnosticated acute apical abscess cases. Material and methods: The electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar were searched in this review using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search was performed in December 2018 and updated in October 2019. Among 6328 studies, thirty-one studies satisfied the eligibility criteria and were included in the review to be analyzed. Results: The thirty-one studies showed the therapeutic Protocols and Endodontic Management of dentoalveolar abscesses in removing infections within the root canal system and their effect in periapical tissue healing. These studies investigated different aspects of an acute apical abscess, including endodontic management, antibiotic therapy, and therapeutic protocols. Conclusion: The compiled data observed that the decision for which treatment should be accomplished changes by patient manifestations when the exceptional acute apical abscess can show local and systemic causes, which can diversify the indicated therapy. At long last, a suitable finding is critical to characterize the patient’s best treatment approach and life support. When it improves the determination of the best treatment approach to manage to be used and avoid medicine aimless use, mainly antibiotics, and maximally decreasing malpractice or potentially superfluous methods.

Evaluación del cumplimiento de las normas nacionales de abordaje terapéutico para gastroenteritis aguda en un centro de referencia de Uruguay / Compliance with therapeutic national standards for acute gastroenteritis at a reference Pediatric Hospital in Uruguay / Avaliação do cumprimento das normas nacionais de abordagem terapêutica para gastroenterite aguda num Centro de Referência no Uruguai

Resumen: Introducción: la gastroenteritis aguda (GEA) es una enfermedad prevalente en la infancia. En 2014 se publica la guía nacional de abordaje de GEA, no existen estudios que evalúen su cumplimiento. Objetivo: determinar el grado de cumplimiento de las guías nacionales de abordaje terapéutico para GEA en niños menores de 3 años admitidos en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell durante los años 2015-2017. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron todos los menores de 3 años hospitalizados por GEA. Variables: edad, hidratación al ingreso, contraindicación para la vía oral, tratamientos. El cumplimiento de recomendaciones se evaluó comparando la conducta recomendada con la adoptada en cada caso, en forma global y en tres dominios: plan de hidratación; nutricional, y prescripción de antimicrobianos. Se catalogó al cumplimiento: bueno >80%, aceptable 60-79%, malo <60%. Resultados: se hospitalizaron 487 niños por GEA, mediana de edad 10,7 meses; con deshidratación 59% (289), leve (59), moderada (193), severa (37); con contraindicación de la vía oral 39%. Se indicó terapia de hidratación intravenosa (TRIV) a 44,5% de niños sin contraindicación de vía oral. El cumplimiento global de las recomendaciones nacionales fue de 77%: plan de hidratación 76%, (niños sin deshidratación 86%, con deshidratación: leve 69%, moderada 70% y severa 65%); plan nutricional 82% y en prescripción de antimicrobianos 72%. Conclusiones: el cumplimiento global de las recomendaciones fue aceptable. Si bien se detectaron algunos puntos a fortalecer: reservar la TRIV para situaciones en donde exista contraindicación a la vía oral/enteral y utilizar dosis y tiempos de infusión recomendados.

Summary: Introduction: acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a prevalent disease in childhood. The AGE National Guidelines were published in 2014 in Uruguay, but there are no studies assessing its compliance. Objectives: to determine the degree of compliance with the AGE therapeutic guidelines for the case of children of under 3 years of age admitted at the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center during 2015-2017. Materials and methods: descriptive, retrospective study. All children under 3 years of age hospitalized for AGE were included. Variables: age, hydration level at admission, contraindication for oral administration treatments. Compliance with recommendations was evaluated by comparing the recommended behavior with the one actually adopted in each case, in general and specifically regarding three aspects: hydration plan; nutritional and antimicrobial prescription. Compliance was classified as: good >80%, acceptable 79-60, bad <60%. Results: 487 children were hospitalized for AGE, median age 10.7 months; dehydrated 59% (289), mild (59), moderate (193), severe (37); with contraindication of oral administration 39%. Intravenous hydration therapy (IVHT) was prescribed for 44.5% of children without oral contraindication. Overall compliance with national recommendations was 77%: hydration plan 76%, (children without dehydration 86%, with dehydration: mild 69%, moderate 70% and severe 65%); nutritional plan 82% and antimicrobial prescription 72%. Conclusions: global compliance with the recommendations was acceptable. However, some areas for improvement were identified: IVHT should be reserved for situations where there is contraindication to the oral / enteral route and the recommended dosage and infusion time should be respected.

Resumo: Introdução: a gastroenterite aguda (GEA) é uma doença prevalente na infância. As diretrizes nacionais de abordagem da GEA foram publicadas no ano 2014, más ainda não há estudos avaliando sua conformidade. Objetivos: determinar o grau de cumprimento com as diretrizes nacionais para a abordagem terapêutica da GEA em crianças menores de 3 anos internadas no Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell durante os anos 2015-2017. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo retrospectivo. Todas as crianças menores de 3 anos hospitalizadas por GEA foram incluídas. Variáveis: idade, nível de hidratação na admissão, contra-indicação para tratamentos por via oral. O cumprimento das recomendações foi avaliado comparando comportamento recomendado com o adotado em cada caso, a nível geral e em três aspectos: plano de hidratação; prescrição nutricional e antimicrobiana. A conformidade foi classificada como: boa >80%, aceitável 79-60, ruim <60%. Resultados: 487 crianças foram hospitalizadas por GEA, a idade mediana foi de 10,7 meses; 59% (289) estavam desidratadas, leves (59), moderadas (193), graves (37); com contra-indicação da via oral 39%. A terapia de hidratação intravenosa (THIV) foi indicada em 44,5% das crianças sem contra-indicação oral. O cumprimento geral das recomendações nacionais foi de 77%: plano de hidratação 76%, (crianças sem desidratação 86%, com desidratação: leve 69%, moderada 70% e grave 65%); plano nutricional 82% e prescrição de antimicrobianos 72%. Conclusões: o cumprimento global das recomendações foi aceitável. No entanto, foram identificadas algumas áreas de melhoria: A THV deve ser reservada para situações em que haja contra-indicação à via oral / enteral e a posologia e o tempo de infusão recomendados devem ser respeitados.

The clinical research on the efficacy of Tanreiqing injection combined with routine western medicine in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at acute and aggravating period with syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing lung / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective@#To evaluate effect of Tanreqing injection combined conventional western medicine therapy on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) of Phlegm heat obstructing Lung.@*Methods@#A total of 112 patients with AECOPD were randomly divided into two groups with digital table method from February 2015 to February 2018, 56 cases in each group. The control group was treated byconventional western medicine therapy, and treatment group was treated by Tanreqing injection based on control group. Both groups' treatment lasted for 2 weeks. The modified version of British Medical Reseach Council respiratory questionnaire (mMRC) was used for severity evaluation in breath difficulty. The COPD assessment test (CAT) was used for the assessment of symptoms, activity ability, psychological, social impact and sleep. The FEV1% and FEV1/FVC were recorded. The SaO2, PaO2 and PaCO2 were recorded. The phlegm heat obstructing lung symptom scores were detected. The adverse reactions were recorded.@*Results@#The total effective rate of treatment group was 94.4% (51/54), and the control group was 77.3% (41/53). There was statistically significant difference between two groups (χ2=5.138, P=0.023). After treatment, the mMRC and CAT scores in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t value were 17.233, 17.111, respectively, all Ps<0.01); the cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, fever, dry mouth, constipation scores were significantly lower than the control group (t value were 27.717, 29.387, 27.227, 30.268, 28.430, 29.738, respectively, all Ps<0.01). After treatment, the FEV1% (52.34% ± 5.79% vs. 46.98% ± 5.72%, t=4.817), FEV1/FVC (61.36 ± 6.52 vs. 56.93 ± 5.94, t=3.675) in the treatment group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01); SaO2 (90.11% ± 9.53% vs. 83.56% ± 8.84%, t=3.684); the PaO2 (91.22 ± 9.79 mmHg vs. 85.18 ± 8.80 mmHg, t=3.354) significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01), and PaCO2 (44.75 ± 4.94 mmHg vs. 51.05 ± 5.46 mmHg, t=6.261) significantly lower than the control group (P<0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was 11.1% (6/54), and the control group was 7.5% (4/53). There was no statistically significant difference between two groups (χ2=0.091, P=0.763).@*Conclusions@#Tanreiqing injection combined with conventional western medicine therapy can take effectsimprove levels of SaO2 and PaO2, reduce PaCO2 level of the AECOPD patients.

Establishment of a predictive model for outcomes in patients with severe acute pancreatitis by nucleated red blood cells combined with Ranson score and APACHE Ⅱ score / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective@#To explore a predictive model for outcomes of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients.@*Methods@#A retrospective study was conducted of 102 SAP patients from January 1,2016 to April 30,2018 from Taizhou Hospital in this study. The participants were divided into survival group and death group according to the outcome of 90 days after admission,88 cases were in survival group including 57 males and 31 females, aged 55.5 (40.3-69.8) years; 14 cases were in death group including 5 males and 9 females, aged 63.0 (50.8-80.8) years. Clinical data and laboratory indicators were compared between the two groups. Statistical analyses were performed to compare categorical variables. Chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) was used to construct the prediction model of SAP patients′ outcomes. The study cohort consisted of SAP patients from August 1st 2018 to July 1st 2019 were collected to validate the prediction model.@*Results@#(1)Statistical analyses were performed by chi square test and Mann-Whitney U test. There were statistically significant differences in the proportion of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, mechanical ventilation and septic shock, and also the Charlson complication index (CCI), the Ranson score and APACHEⅡscore(χ2=5.554, P=0.018; χ2=5.585,P=0.018;P=0.008;Z=-3.007,P=0.003;Z=-2.982, P=0.003; Z=-3.257, P=0.001), death group were higher than survival group. (2) The MPV, CRP, MCHC, pH, pCO2 and positive rates of NRBC were statistically different between survival group and death group(Z=-2.466,P=0.014;Z=-2.689,P=0.007;Z=-2.238,P=0.025;Z=-1.977,P=0.048;Z=-2.239, P=0.025;P=0.000).The NRBC-positive rate in the death group was higher than that in the survival group, while the other indexes were lower in the survival group.(3)The decision tree CHAID method obtains the prediction scheme: when it meets the Ranson score≤3, the SAP patients were judged to be alive; when it meets the Ranson score>3 and the NRBC in peripheral blood was negative, the SAP patients were judged to be alive; when it meets the Ranson score>3, the NRBC was positive and the APACHEⅡscore≤21, the SAP patients were judged to be alive; when it meets the Ranson score>3, NRBC was positive and APACHE Ⅱ>21, the SAP patients were adverse prognosis. (4) 50 SAP patients were collected in the validation group, with 43 actual survivors and 7 deaths. The accuracy rate of predicting the outcomes of SAP patients in validation group with the scheme was 94.0% (47/50).@*Conclusion@#The NRBC combined with Ranson score system and APACHE II score system can predict the outcomes of SAP patients.

Expert consensus on the development of standardization of emergency medical laboratory capacity in Chinese / 中华检验医学杂志

In order to enhance the communication and cooperation between clinic and medical laboratory, strengthen the emergency medical laboratory and clinical management, promote the development of emergency medical laboratory and clinic, improve the comprehensive emergency treatment ability, and realize the standardized construction of emergency under the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment. The emergency clinical experts and medical laboratory experts formed a teamto discuss how to understand the needs of clinicians, standardize the construction of emergency medical laboratory and improve emergency treatment ability through multiple meetings and questionnaires. The laboratory staffandthe clinicians should communicate effectively. According to the common diseases or critical cases in the emergency, they should work out the types of emergency test items together, select the critical value items, and determine the critical value reporting threshold. The quality management system of emergency medical laboratory should be established, operated effectively and improved continuously, so as to provide accurate and timely report for clinic and improve the ability of medical institutions at all levels to treat critical cases. Emergency physicians and laboratory staff should work together to standardize the construction of emergency medical laboratory, improve the service ability of emergency medical laboratory, and promote the ability of emergency physicians at all levels of medical units to treat critical cases.

Estudio imagenológico del síndrome aórtico agudo / Imaging approach to acute aortic syndrome

Acute aortic syndromes include a spectrum of life-threatening aortic conditions. A review of the diagnostic aspects of the acute aortic syndrome was made, from the perspective of the imaging techniques available for this purpose. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique and its diagnostic performance were evaluated. Emphasis was placed on the relevance of clinical information as a fundamental tool for suspecting this syndrome and appropriately choosing the imaging technique. Our main objective is to provide information about the diagnosis of this condition, especially in the context of emergency services.